有启停功能(比如等红灯时)的发动机是否比传统发动机磨损得更快？_风闻

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评论原创翻译：

Certified_GSD

On top of everyone else’s answer, it’s important to note the role that the motor oil plays in the process. Motor oil that is at operating temperature and hasn’t been broken down allows the metal surfaces inside the engine to almost never touch. The wear goes into the oil and not the metal, the former being much easier to replace than the latter.

When an engine is shut off, the oil is still hot (typical operating temperature is 205°F-220°F depending on the manufacturer/design) and it’s continuing to drip and cover all of the metal surfaces such as the pistons, valve springs, etc etc. Starting the engine in this state causes very, very little wear as again, it’s the oil taking the wear and not the metal.

Cold, winter starts are when the engine takes the most wear, when the oil is most viscous. Start/Stop systems typically do not kick in when they detect the engine is not at operating temperature or power needs exceed a certain threshold.

重点是要注意机油在这个过程中所起的作用。处于工作温度且未被分解的机油可以保证发动机内部的金属表面几乎不会相互接触。磨损的是机油而不是金属，而机油比发动机更容易更换。

当发动机关闭时，机油仍然是热的(典型的工作温度是205~220华氏度，96~104摄氏度，取决于制造商和设计)，它继续充满并覆盖所有的金属表面，比如活塞、气门弹簧等。在这种状态下启动发动机只会造成非常非常小的磨损，同样的，磨损的是机油而不是金属。

寒冷的冬季启动是发动机磨损最严重的时候，这时机油最粘稠。这时启停系统通常不会启动，因为电脑检测到发动机不在工作温度或功率需求超过某一阈值。

i_got_skrimps

So my vehicles that have been sitting much more during the pandemic with drastically lower miles could be worse off than if i had used it normally?

I let the engine warm up before putting it in gear, religiously.

ETA: everybody commenting i don’t need to warm up the engine are fundamentally flawed on so many levels. I’m not some no nothing car owner lol I’ve built engines and know my way around an engine bay.

那么，我的汽车在疫情期间经常闲置，行驶里程大幅降低，可能比我正常使用更糟？

我非常谨慎地让发动机预热后才挂上档位。

编辑：很多评论说我不需要预热发动机，他们的说法都是有问题的。

You absolutely should warm it up before driving. Sure, you can drive safely while cold, and it does help warm up faster. However, spirited driving is bad on a cold engine and you have no idea what’s going to happen 1 minute down the road. It doesn’t take long for it to warm a bit before you drive (unless it’s freezing outside). Oil weight when cold vs warm do different things.

Folks, if you have the time, just let it warm before driving. It isn’t hard to do and it’s better for your engine.

开车前绝对应该热车。当然，在寒冷天气，相比原地热车，平稳驾驶可以让车更快热起来。但是，激烈驾驶对冷的发动机是有害的，你很难判断什么才算平稳。暖车不需要很久的（除非外面很冷)。在寒冷和温暖时，油的重量是不同的。

朋友们，如果你们有时间，开车前先让它热一下。这并不难做到，这对你的发动机有好处。

Certified_GSD

So my vehicles that have been sitting much more during the pandemic with drastically lower miles could be worse off than if i had used it normally?

It depends. For most people, that’s okay that it sits for a little bit longer. Cars are meant to be driven, and when they sit for a year or more is when it becomes something to be concerned about. As long as it’s being driven often enough that you don’t need to jump start it, you should be okay because you’re keeping the fluids inside moving and not letting the coolant/fuel/oil separate.

——那么，我的汽车在疫情期间经常闲置，行驶里程大幅降低，可能比我正常使用更糟？

视情况而定。对大多数人来说，它闲置时间长一点没关系。汽车本来就是用来驾驶的，当它们闲置了一年或更久时，就该注意了。只要经常驾驶，保证不需要接电，你的车应该没事，因为你保持了内部的液体流动，不让冷却剂、燃料、机油分离。

原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

I let the engine warm up before putting it in gear, religiously.

You may want to start driving sooner. An idle engine won’t warm up as fast as a working engine, and you want to get the engine up to operating temperature as soon as possible. Advancements in oil technology have brought motor oils to the point that they’re still quite effective for low loads at low temperatures while keeping the engine protected.

You can try this for yourself on a cold winter day: five minutes in an idle car and the heater doesn’t really get that much warmer. Five minutes of driving and you’ll already start to feel some heat coming through the vents.

On top of that, most vehicles nowadays have electronically controlled thermostats. Your radiator usually doesn’t do any work cooling the coolant and it’s instead rerouted back into constantly until you’re at operating temperature.

——我非常谨慎地让发动机预热后才挂上档位。

你最好尽快开车。怠速发动机的预热速度不如正常行驶的发动机快，你应该尽快让发动机达到工作温度。石油工业的进步使机油在低温低负荷的情况下仍然非常有效，同时可以保护发动机。

你可以在寒冷的冬天自己尝试一下：在怠速汽车里呆五分钟，加热器不会真的变热。而开车五分钟，你就会开始感觉到一些热度从通风口涌来。

最重要的是，现在大多数汽车都有电子控制的恒温器。你的散热器一般会原地怠工，直到你的发动机达到工作温度。

level 5

Certified_GSD

Minimal sitting is okay as long as it’s still being driven often enough that the battery (assuming it’s in good health) doesn’t need to be jumped. Most car batteries can go three to six months without being charged.

This will keep the fluids from separating, which will cause its own issues. You should still change the oil once a year no matter how many or few miles were driven, as oil tends to collect dirt and water. Same with fuel: don’t let it sit for longer than a year without fresh fuel, as most fuels are blended with ethanol which attracts water.

You’ll want to park the vehicle in a temperature controlled garage, or at least in a covered spot to minimize UV damage to the paint. The former is to have better control over the humidity to hopefully minimize any water retention in the brake fluid.

只要保持足够频繁的驾驶，不需要更换电池(假设电池健康状况良好)，这样偶尔闲置是没问题的。大多数汽车电池不充电可以使用三到六个月。这将防止会导致问题的液体分离。不管你开的距离有多少，你还是应该每年换一次机油，因为机油容易积聚灰尘和水。燃料也一样：在不加新燃料的情况下，不要让它存放超过一年，因为大多数燃料都与乙醇混合，会吸水。

你最好把车停在恒温的室内停车场，起码也是能遮风挡雨的地方，免得紫外线损伤车漆。最好是湿度也是适宜的，这样可以尽量减少刹车油吸水。

cynric42

Minimal sitting is okay as long as it’s still being driven often enough that the battery (assuming it’s in good health) doesn’t need to be jumped. Most car batteries can go three to six months without being charged.

This seems rather optimistic, at least with colder temperatures if you are parking outside. I’d consider 2-3 months the uppper limit with all the computers and stuff that is always running in cars these days, even in sleep mode, and would try to move the car maybe once a month or so to be on the safe side. And if you are living somewhere wet or worse, drove in wet or icy conditions with road salt on the ground, your brakes will probably start sticking in a week and may be hard to get moving again after only a few weeks sitting.

I usually try to drive at least every other week and far enough, to really get the engine and exhaust warm and the one time I didn’t and my car got snowed in for 2 months, I needed a jump start and my brakes were noticably pitted afterwards.

——只要保持足够频繁的驾驶，不需要更换电池(假设电池健康状况良好)，这样偶尔闲置是没问题的。大多数汽车电池不充电可以使用三到六个月。

似乎过于乐观了，至少在气温较低的情况下，如果你把车停在室外。我认为2-3个月，就是现在这些汽车上的电脑和设备的上限了——即使是在睡眠模式下，为了安全起见，我可能会试着每月动一次车。如果你住在潮湿或更糟糕的地方，在潮湿或结冰的条件下开车，加上路面上有盐，你的刹车可能会在一周内卡住，可能停了几周就很难开动了。

我通常至少每隔一周开一次车，开足够远，让发动机和排气暖起来，但有一次我没有这样做，我的车被雪困了两个月，我需要搭电，然后我的刹车明显出了故障。